Date: Wed, 25 Jan 1995 10:38:37 -0500 Reply-To: H-NET List for World History Sender: H-NET List for World History From: MANNING@neu.edu Subject: World History Standards: text To: Multiple recipients of list H-WORLD X-UIDL: 791149960.000 From: Thomas M. Martin San Francisco State University Moderator's note (Pat Manning): Thomas Martin here posts text of the proposed U.S. National Standards for World History. He describes this document as: "An abbreviated transcript of the *National Standards for World History: Exploring Paths to the Present*, published by the National Center for History in the Schools at the University of California, Los Angeles. Specifically it provides the essential wording from the standards outlined in Chapter 3, "World History Standards." The consistent omissions include the preface to each standard, "Demonstrating understandings of ...," and the topics to explain, compare, analyze, describe, evaluate, assess, etc. The detailed (and more controversial) "Examples of Student Achievement of Standard __" have been omitted entirely." * * * * * * **** WARNING: THIS IS A LONG DOCUMENT. SAVE AND READ OFFLINE. **** The standards are essentially an outline of major themes within each of 8 eras listed below. They are specifically designed to provide a flexible, organized system for teaching any period of world history to any level of complexity or sophistication - from elementary to AP senior high (and beyond). The published book on the National Standards also includes *examples* of topics that address the standards. (There appears to be a lot of confusion about standards and examples.) The National Standards for World History (NOT including the examples) are listed below. Era #: Title (1-6) Historical Understandings (A-E) Core and Related* Standards Era 1: The Beginnings of Human Society 1. Biological and Cultural Processes that gave rise to the earliest human communities A: Early Hominoid development in Africa* B: How human communities populated major regions of the world and adapted to a variety of environments 2. Processes that led to the emergence of agricultural societies around the world A: How and Why humans established settled communities and experimented with agriculture B: How agricultural societies developed around the world* Era 2: Early Civilization and the Rise of Pastoral Peoples 4000-1000 BCE 1. Major characteristics of civilization and how civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley A: How Mesopotamia, Egypt and Indus Valley became centers of dense population, urbanization and cultural innovation in the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE* B: How commercial and cultural interactions contributed to change in the Tigris-Euphrates, Indus and Nile regions 2. How agrarian societies spread and new states emerged in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE A: How civilization emerged in northern China in the 2nd millennium BCE B: How new centers of agrarian society arose in the 3rd and 2nd millennium* 3. Political, Social, and Cultural consequences of Population Movements in Eurasia in the 2nd millennium BCE A: How population movements from western and central Asia affected peoples of India, Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean B: Social and cultural effects that militarization and the emergence of new kingdoms had on peoples of southwest Asia and Egypt in the 2nd millennium BCE C: How urban society expanded in the Aegean region in the era of Mycenaean dominance* D: Development of new cultural patterns in northern India in the 2nd millennium BCE* Era 3: Classical Traditions, major Religions and Giant Empires, 1000 BCE - 300 CE 1. Innovation and change from 1000-600 BCE: horses, ships, iron and monotheistic faith A: State-building, trade, and migrations leading to increasingly complex interrelations among peoples of Mediterranean basin and southwest Asia B: Emergence of Judaism and the historical significance of Hebrew kingdoms C: How the civilization of the Kush developed in the upper Nile valley and how iron technology contributed to the expansion of agricultural societies in Sub-Saharan Africa* D: How pastoral nomadic peoples of Central Asia began to play an important role in world history* 2. Emergence of Aegean civilization and how interrelations developed among peoples of eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia, 600-200 BCE A: Achievements and limitations of the democratic institutions that developed in Athens and other Aegean city-states B: Major cultural achievements of Greek civilization* C: Development of Persian (Achaemenid) empire and the consequences of its conflicts with the Greeks* D: Alexander of Macedon's conquests and the interregional character of Hellenistic society and culture 3. How major religions and large scale empires arose in the Mediterranean basin, China and India, 500 BCE-300 CE A: Causes and consequences of the unification of the Mediterranean basin under Roman rule B: Emergence of Christianity in the context of the Roman Empire C: How China became unified under the early imperial dynasties D: Religious and cultural developments in India in the era of the Gangetic states and the Mauryan Empire 4. Development of early agrarian civilizations in Mesoamerica A: Achievements of Olmec civilization Era 4: Expanding Zones of Exchange and Encounter, 300-1000 CE 1. Imperial crises and their aftermath, 300-700 A: Decline of the Roman and Han empires B: Expansion of Christianity and Buddhism beyond the lands of their origin C: Synthesis of Hindu civilization in India in the era of the Gupta Empire D: Expansion of the Hindu and Buddhist traditions in Southeast Asia in the first millennium CE* 2. Causes and consequences of the rise of Islamic civilization in the 7th-10th centuries A: Emergence of Islam and how Islam spread in southwest Asia, North Africa and Europe B: Significance of the Abbasid Caliphate as a center of cultural innovation and hub of interregional trade in the 8th-10th centuries C: Consolidation of the Byzantine state in the context of expanding Islamic civilization* 3. Major developments in East Asia in the era of the Tang dynasty, 600-900 A: China's sustained political and cultural expansion during the Tang dynasty B: Chinese influence on the peoples of Inner Asia, Korea, Southeast Asia and Japan* 4. the search for political, social, and cultural redefinition in Europe, 500-1000 A: Foundations of a new civilization in Western Christendom in the 500 years following the breakup of the western Roman empire B: Coalescence of political and social order in Europe* 5. Spread of agrarian populations and rise of states in Africa south of the Sahara A: State-building in Northeast and West Africa and the southward migration of Bantu-speaking peoples 6. Rise of centers of civilization in Mesoamerica and Andean South America in the first millennium CE A: Origins, expansion and achievements of Maya civilization B: Rise of Teotihucan, Zapotec/Mixtec and Moche civilizations* Era 5: Intensified Hemispheric Interactions, 1000-1500 CE 1. Maturing of interregional system of communication, trade, and cultural exchange in an era of Chinese economic power and Islamic expansion A: China's extensive urbanization and commercial expansion between the 10th and 13th centuries B: Development of Japanese and Southeast Asian civilizations between the 11th and 15th centuries* C: How pastoral migrations and religious reform movements between the 11th and 13th centuries contributed to the rise of new states and the expansion of Islam D: How interregional communications and trade led to intensified cultural exchanges among diverse peoples of Eurasia and Africa* 2. Redefining of European society and culture, 1000-1300 A: Feudalism and the growth of centralized monarchies and city states in Europe B: Expansion of Christian Europe after 1000 C: Patterns of social change and cultural achievements in Europe's emerging civilization* 3. Rise of the Mongol Empire and its consequences for Eurasian peoples 1200-1350 A: World-historical significance of the Mongol empire B: Significance of Mongol rule in China, Korea, Russia and southwest Asia* 4. Growth of states, towns, and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa between the 11th and 15th centuries A: Growth of imperial states in West Africa and Ethiopia B: Bantu settlements and Indian ocean trade in East, Central and South Africa* 5. Patterns of crisis and recovery in Afro-Eurasia, 1300-1450 A: Black Death and recurring plague pandemic in the 14th century B: Transformations in Europe following the economic and demographic crises of the 14th century C: Major political developments in Asia in the aftermath of the collapse of Mongol rule and the plague pandemic* 6. Expansion of states and civilizations in the Americas, 1000-1500 A: Development of complex societies and states in North America and Mesoamerica B: Development of the Inca Empire in Andean South America Era 6: Global Expansion and Encounter, 1450-1770 1. Transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world from 1450 to 1600 leading to global transformations A: Origins and Consequences of European overseas expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries B: Encounters between Europeans and peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries C: Consequences of the worldwide exchange of flora, fauna and pathogens* 2. European political, economic and cultural transformations in an age of global communications A: Demographic, economic and social trends in Europe B: Renaissance, Reformation and Catholic Reformation C: rising military and bureaucratic power of Europea states between the 16th and 18th centuries D: Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment 3. Territorial Empires dominating Eurasia between 16th and 18th centuries A: Extent and limits of Chinese regional power under the Ming dynasty B: How southwest Europe and southwest Asia became unified under the Ottoman empire C: Rise of the Safavid and Mughal empires* 4. Economic, political and cultural interrelations among peoples of Africa, Europe and the Americas, 1500-1750 A: How European powers asserted dominance in the Americas between the 16th and 18th centuries B: Origins and consequences of the trans-Atlantic African slave trade C: Patterns of change in Africa in the era of the slave trade* 5. Response of Asian societies to challenges of expanding European power and forces of the world economy A: Development of European maritime power in Asia B: Transformation in India, China and Japan in an era of expanding European commercial power C: Major cultural trends in Asia between the 16th and 18th centuries* 6. Major global trends from 1450 to 1770* Era 7: An Age of Revolutions, 1750-1914 1. Causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries A: How the French Revolution contributed to transformations in Europe and the world B: How Latin American countries achieved independence in the early 19th century 2. Causes and consequences of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, 1700-1850 A: Early industrialization and the importance of developments in England B: How industrial economies expanded and societies experienced transformations in Europe and the Atlantic basin C: Causes and consequences of the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and slavery in the Americas* 3. Transformation of Eurasian societies in an era of global trade and rising European power, 1750-1850 A: How the Ottoman empire attempted to meet the challenge of Western military, political and economic power B: Russian imperial expansion in the late 18th and early 19th centuries* C: Consequences of political and military encounter between Europeans and peoples of South and Southeast Asia D: How China's Qing dynasty responded to economic and political crises in he late 18th and early 19th centuries E: How Japan was transformed from feudal Shogunate to modern nation-state in the 19th century 4. Patterns of nationalism, state-building and social reform in Europe and the Americas, 1830-1914 A: How modern nationalism affected European politicsand society B: Impact of new social movements and ideologies on 19th century Europe C: How major technological, scientific and intellectual achievements contributed to social and cultural change in 19th century Europe* D: Political, economic and social transformations in the Americas in the 19th century* 5. Patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic domination, 1850-1914 A: Causes and consequences of European settler colonization in the 19th century* B: Causes of European, American and Japanese imperial expansion, 1850-1914 C: Transformation in South, Southeast, and East Africa in the era of "new imperialism" D: Varying responses of African peoples to world economic developments and European imperialism 6. Major global trends from 1750 to 1914* Era 8: The 20th Century 1. Global and economic trends in the high period of Western dominance A: How a belt of industrialized states was emerging in the Northern Hemisphere in the early 20th century B: Causes and consequences of important resistance and revolutionary movements of the early 20th century* 2. Causes and global consequences of World War 1 A: Multiple causes of World War 1 B: Global scope and human cost of the war C Causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution of 1917 3. Search for peace and stability in the 1920s and 1930s A: Postwar efforts to achieve lasting peace and social and economic recovery B: Economic, social, and political transformation in Africa, Asia and Latin America in the 1920s and 1930s C: How new departures in science and the arts altered human views of nature, the cosmos, and the psyche between 1900 and 1940* D: Causes and global consequences of the Great Depression* 4. Causes and global consequences of World War 2 A: Multiple causes of World War 2 B: Global scope and human costs of the war 5. New international power relations following World War 2 A: Why global power shifts took place and the Cold War developed in the aftermath of World War 2 B: How African, Asian and Caribbean peoples achieved independence from European colonial rule 6. Promises and paradoxes of second half of the 20th century A: How population explosion and environmental change have altered conditions of life around the world B: How increasing economic interdependence has transformed human society C: How liberal democracy, private enterprise, and human rights movements have reshaped political and social life D: Major sources of tension and conflict in the contemporary world and efforts that have been made to address them* E: Major worldwide scientific, technological, social and cultural trends of the late 20th century* 1-22-95 tmm@well.sf.ca.us /^\ / \ /_ _ _\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |_|_|_| \_____/